阿烈的博客

Code,Write,Enjoy life!

0%

linux系列4 - pxe+dhcp+nfs+kickstart无人值守批量安装Centos6.x x64

发表于 分类于

#1. 基本说明

相关资料请参考:
linux系列2 - pxe+dhcp+nfs+kickstart无人值守批量安装Centos5.8 x64

###centos5.x与centos6.x不一致的地方：
(1)安装NFS时的RPC程序，centos5.x中叫做portmap，centos6.x叫rpcbind。

(2)tftp默认目录，centos5.x时是 /tftpboot ，centos6.x在 /var/lib/tftpboot

(3)dhcp配置文件位置, centos5.x时是 /etc/dhcpd.conf ，centos6.x在 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#2. 一键安装脚本

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
#!/bin/bash
# auto install kickstart server
# the os root's passwd is 123456
#
# Filename: auto_install_centos6.x.sh
# Author: quxl
# Date:   2014-08-07  
# Email:  xionglie.qu@gmail.com  
#------------Environment------------  
#   Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
#   CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
#-----------------------------------  

#192.168.3.128
KICKSTART_SERVER_IP=`/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr' | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $2}'`

#192.168.3
KICKSTART_IP_SUBNET=`echo ${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP}  | awk -F '.' '{print $1"."$2"."$3}'`
KICKSTART_SERVER_SUBNET=${KICKSTART_IP_SUBNET}.0
KICKSTART_SERVER_NETMASK=255.255.255.0
KICKSTART_SERVER_ROUTE=${KICKSTART_IP_SUBNET}.2
KICKSTART_SERVER_DHCP_IP_START=${KICKSTART_IP_SUBNET}.128
KICKSTART_SERVER_DHCP_IP_END=${KICKSTART_IP_SUBNET}.254

#portmap,发现CentOS 6上不叫portmap，而是改为rpcbind
yum -y install rpcbind nfs-utils 
yum -y install syslinux

echo "----- 1.配置nfs服务器 --------------"
#创建共享目录
mkdir -p /data/sys
mount /dev/cdrom /data/sys
echo "mount /dev/cdrom /data/sys" >>/etc/rc.local 
ls -l /data/sys

#安装nfs,分发共享目录
rpm -qa | grep nfs
cat > /etc/exports << EOF
/data/sys ${KICKSTART_SERVER_SUBNET}/24(ro,sync)
/data/kickstart ${KICKSTART_SERVER_SUBNET}/24(ro,sync)
EOF
cat /etc/exports

#启动nfs,设置开机启动
/etc/init.d/rpcbind restart
/etc/init.d/nfs restart
showmount -e 127.0.0.1

chkconfig rpcbind on
chkconfig nfs on
chkconfig --list | egrep "nfs|rpcbind"

echo "----- 2.配置TFTP服务器 --------------"
yum -y install tftp-server* -y
sed -i '/server_args.*=/ s#/var/lib/tftpboot#/tftpboot/#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i '/disable.*=/ s#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
chkconfig xinetd on

#与 centos5.x位置不同
mkdir -p /tftpboot
/bin/cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/
/bin/cp /data/sys/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tftpboot/
/bin/cp /data/sys/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tftpboot/
ls -l /tftpboot/
#initrd.img  pxelinux.0  pxelinux.cfg  vmlinuz

mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg -p
#/bin/cp /data/sys/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

cat > /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default << EOF
default linux
#prompt 1
timeout 600

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.3!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label linux
  menu label Install system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ks=nfs:${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP}:/data/kickstart/ks.cfg  initrd=initrd.img

EOF

chmod a+r /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

echo "----- 3.配置DHCP --------------"
yum -y install dhcp*
#/bin/cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

# centos5.x，配置文件都被配置在/etc/dhcpd.conf,
# centos6.x, 以后放在/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cat > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf << EOF
ddns-update-style none;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
option routers ${KICKSTART_SERVER_ROUTE};

subnet ${KICKSTART_SERVER_SUBNET} netmask ${KICKSTART_SERVER_NETMASK} {
range dynamic-bootp ${KICKSTART_SERVER_DHCP_IP_START} ${KICKSTART_SERVER_DHCP_IP_END};
next-server ${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP};
filename "/data/kickstart/ks.cfg";
next-server ${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP};
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
EOF

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
#出错的话，cat /var/log/messages

chkconfig dhcpd on
chkconfig --list dhcpd

echo "----- 4.配置kickstart --------------"
mkdir -p /data/kickstart/
#/bin/cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /data/kickstart/ks.cfg
#chmod 644 /data/kickstart/ks.cfg

cat > /data/kickstart/ks.cfg << EOF 
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP} --dir=/data/sys
# Root password abc123
rootpw --iscrypted \$1\$A05l5MQt\$VAf56PD915R8SwtFYJSeE/
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=512
part / --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

%post
#!/bin/bash
echo "nameserver 208.67.222.222" >>/etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 208.67.220.220" >>/etc/resolv.conf

mkdir -p /application/tools
mkdir -p /server/{scripts,backup}

wget -nv -O /server/scripts/update_hostname.sh http://${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP}/update_hostname.sh
wget -nv -O /server/scripts/update_ip.sh http://${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP}/update_ip.sh
wget -nv -O /server/scripts/update_network.sh http://${KICKSTART_SERVER_IP}/update_network.sh

%end

%packages
@base
@development

%end
EOF

#stop iptables
#vi /etc/selinux/config
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

#stop selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config 
cat /etc/selinux/config 

echo "-----done-----"

#3. 相关文件说明

3.1服务器环境说明

操作系统：

1
2
3
4
5
6
[root@ks2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
[root@ks2 ~]# uname -mi
x86_64 x86_64
[root@ks2 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64

主机网络参数设置：

1
2
3
网卡eth0: 192.168.27.134
默认网关: 192.168.27.2
子网掩码: 255.255.255.0

3.2 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
[root@ks2 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
option routers 192.168.27.2;

subnet 192.168.27.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.27.128 192.168.27.254;
next-server 192.168.27.134;
filename "/data/kickstart/ks.cfg";
next-server 192.168.27.134;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}

#4. 可能遇到的错误
###错误1：
在server端已经配置好了，在clinet端用网络引导时能得到地址，但总是报错：

PXE-T00 Permission deny

PXE-E36 Error received from tftp server

解决方法：关掉SElinux 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1、快速关闭SElinux，使用如下命令就可以：
　　/usr/sbin/setenforce 0 立刻关闭 SELINUX
　　/usr/sbin/setenforce 1 立刻启用 SELINUX
2、加到系统默认启动里面
　　echo "/usr/sbin/setenforce 0" >> /etc/rc.local
3、可以编辑配置文件达到同样的目的
vi /etc/selinux/conf
set SELINUX=disabled